WPC  ]w8Q=Pˤ5Iv̹x'{,<dS쬺 [’z xZ.4i(gr+ U.ޘQ`Ƃq#Yf5d]kUwsUϦWKVJeNn?.к@5$;Rrhm\鶤H_PJ-Ɓh1tSA5rP:?7[Q8@K  !m|28SZw//ƻR5h<>bYy"ϤN;r0YCY?X`+!KE:Dc1o-f9#EUc ߴ0]=9Tzw[ӘU#Ti"&keQr7MN*q bӀȏ?ct"ҥ3EZu]em'My8* BзD,!>?B~_t@svΠ: 0 U> 0 U$8 0 0 0 26X9`("Courier 12cpiX#|d 26X9`("Courier 12cpiXd6X@8X@( T$  Lexmark X125xX,,,,xX0q: }8kDPE~dU< 9Z+.Courier New Regular(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular<@9Z+&Courier Regular<77@:QuickFormat1      \  `&Times New Roman<PP@:QuickFormat2  cb    cb  <4 9Z+ Courier New <PP@:QuickFormat3   cb     cb  <ll@O:QuickFormat4 X79XXXcb   X X79 X79XXXcb   X X796hh4Body Text   8.S  [ ck!s#8XXX  8.S  [ ck!s#8  T!   _xx X"XXX bX X"Name:_________________________ <   Date:____________  SecondtestAncientWesterncivilization:ClassicalArt,Judaism,Islam,earlyChristianity, ` andMedievalChristianity  ArtsandCulture201 Instructor:EricSnow p Section1:Fillintheblankquestions(2pointseach),50pointspossible.Serious   misspellingscancost1oreven2points.Alldatesmustaddthe _b.c._or A.D.abbreviations   togetfullcredit. 0  ___________1.# X"X br#X"XX X"bXX"Thisartist(12671337)ultimatelyrevolutionizesWesternEuropeanartby @     innovatinguponByzantineart'sconventions.Hecreatedstrong3Dillusions,  @    andwouldpaintascenenaturalistically,suchasinLamentation.#X"Xbi## X"XXX"J# bX X"    ___________2.This_multivolumed_Ԁbookwascomposedofcommentary(_Gemara_)onthe_Mishnah_Ԁor P  Ѐ    OralLaw.TheBabylonianonewascompletedbyA.D.500.Itcodifiedthelaw       soJudaismcouldsurvivecenturiesinexileawayfromitsoriginalhomeland. `  # X"X b# bX X"___________3.# X"X b&#X"XX X"bXX"ThiswoolenembroideryonlinenwasmadebySaxonwomen.Itdescribed       inapictorialnarrativetheinvasionofEnglandbytheNormansandthe p    defeatoftheAngloSaxonsunderHerod.Ithasgraphicbattlescenes.  p #X"Xb## X"XXX"|# bX X"___________4.# X"X bA # bX X"b bThisEasternRoman(Byzantine)emperor(r.527565)retookmanyoftheareasof      theWesternEmpirethatfelltothebarbarians,suchasItaly.HiswifeTheodora 0   helpedhimmaintainhisnervewhenConstantinoplehadarevolt.# bb #4 b#XPX4 # 0 # X"XXXP0 # bX X"___________5.ThisChristianapostlewasaJewborninthegentilecityofTarsus.He @     neverknewJesuspersonallybeforeHiscrucifixion.Afterbeingapersecutor @     ofthechurch,hewasthetoptheologicalwriterintheChristianScriptures.  # X"X b # bX X"___________6.Thisman_(c_.A.D.250336)provokedgreatcontroversyamongChristians P     bymaintainingthattheChristianSaviorwasn'tfullyGodandthatHehada       beginningintimebasedonGreekphilosophical(Platonic)reasoning.# X"X bV # bX X" `! ___________7.# X"X b#X"XX X"bXX"ThisFrenchpoem,writteninthe1090'sA.D.,showstheGermanicWarriorcodein #     action,butithas% X"Xb%% X"XXX"m%X"XX X"bXX"cb    been bb X"X bcb    ! bX X"!! b b!superficiallyChristianized.Ittellsthestoryof p$   ChristiansintheFrankisharmybeingambushedbyMuslims# bb#  p% # X"X b# bX X"  0  , ___________8.# X"X b#X"XX X"bXX"cb    ThegreatcathedralsoftheHighMiddleAgeswerebuiltinthis"barbarianstyle.'&&     Byhavingapointedarchforthestoneroofandoutsidesupports,thisallowedfor 0 (     manymorewindowsandmuchmorelighttocomein.O bb X"X bcb     bX X"  0) # X"X b# bX X"___________9.ThiswordmeansinGreek,"thefourletters."Itrefersto_YHWH_,whichwasthe @"+     % X"X b% X"XX X" bX X"cb    personal b b X"X bcb    ! bX X"!,covenantnameoftheGodofJudaism.TheJewseventuallyfeltthis "@,     namewassoholyitwaswrongtosayit,butwould(usually)say"Lord"instead. #- ___________10.# X"X b# bX X"b bThistermreferstothebasiclocaleconomicunitofthemedievalperiod.Ittied %P /   thepeasantstothelandasserfs,wasalmostentirelyselfsufficient,and %!0     rotatedfallowandproductivelandtomaintainsoilfertility.# bbf## X"X bG# bX X" `&!1 ___________11.During% X"X b%O X"XX X"cb   bX X"  thisOu b bcb   X"X b  ! bX X"!periodoftime(606536_b.c_),theJewswereexiledfromtheir '#3 Ѐ    homelandinPalestine.Yahwehusedthegentileking_Nebuchadnezzar_Ԁtopunish p(#4     themfortheirsinsofidolatry,crime,hypocrisy,andoppressingthepoor.  )p$5 ___________12.# X"X b#O X"XX X"cb   bX X"  Inthisarchitecturalstyle,inordertogiveastonebuildingastone4 broof,B44B# b4C#b bit *%7     usesthesameengineeringstylethatwasusedtobuildbridgesacrossrivers. J+&8     Itresultsindimlylitinteriorsforengineeringreasons.#PYb#Ou PYPYcb   X"X PY  X"XX X" +J'9 # X"XXX"# -(;  bX X"___________13.# X"X b!# bX X"b bThistermmeans"imagesmashing."ThisperiodicallybrokeoutinChristian      history,suchasinByzantium(726843A.D.)andPuritanEngland(mid T$  `     17thcentury).It'sbasedontheSecondoftheTenCommandmentsofEx.20.# bbh"#4 b#XPX4I"# ` # X"XXXP## bX X"___________14.b bThisenormouschurch(latermosque)inConstantinoplehasanenormous# bb$## X"X bo$# bX X"Ԁb bdome(112 p     feetindiameter)cappinganinteriormeasuring233feetby252feet.# bbo%## X"X bO%# bX X"b bItwas  p     built53237A.D.bytheEasternRoman(Byzantine)emperor.# bbs&## X"X bT&# bX X"   ___________15.Thisman(4b.c.A.D.31)isregardedbyChristiansastheSavior.BornaJew, 0      HepreachedforthreeandahalfyearsinPalestine/modernLebanonbeforebeing  0      puttodeathbycrucifixionnearJerusalembytheordersofPontiusPilate.    ___________16.ThistermisusedbyJewstoreferespeciallytotheWrittenLawoftheOld  @      TestamentinthefirstfivebooksoftheOldTestament.Itmeans"thelaw"or        "instruction."Asynagogue'sleadinghandwrittenscrollisthiswrittendown. P  ___________17.b bTheholybookofIslam.ThisbookhasGodspeakinginthefirstPersontothe       prophetwhobecamethefoundingprophetofIslam.ItwaswritteninArabic. `  # bb*## X"X bJ'# bX X"___________18.Thistermmeans"theanointedone."JewsdisagreewithChristiansoverthe       identityofwhothisis.ChristiansapplythistermtotheirSaviorwhodied, p      whileJewsapplyittotheconqueringkingyettocome.  p ___________19.ThismanledIsraelfromslaveryinEgypt(c.1446b.c.).Hewasusedby      YahwehtorevealHislawtoIsraelatMountSinaiandelsewhereafterYahweh 0     spoketheTenCommandmentstoIsrael.Pharaoh'sdaughterraisedhim. 0 ___________20.Atthiscouncilofover300bishopsinA.D.325thattheEmperorConstantine @     presidedover,theofficialorthodoxteachingthatJesuswasfullyGodandhad @     nobeginningwasproclaimed.Athanasiusstronglydefendeditsdecision.  ___________21.ThiswasthechieftempleonAthens'acropolis(fortifiedhilltop).OneGreek P     philosopherwasdisturbedbyhowitsmeasurementsdeviatedslightlyfromfull       mathematicalregularitytocorrectfor(evidently)irregularopticalillusions. `! ___________22.ThismanwasoneoftheJewishPatriarchs.Afterlivinginthesophisticated #     MesopotamiancityofUr,hetookupthelifeofashepherd.Circumcisionasa p$     signofacceptingacovenantwithYahwehbeganwithhim.HiswifewasSarah.  p% ___________23.ThisRomanstadiumcouldhold50,000spectators.Itwaspracticaland '     yetalsohadaestheticappeal.ItwasdedicatedinA.D.80,anditsinaugural 0 (     ceremonieslasted100days,andkilled9000wildanimalsand2000gladiators.  0) ___________24.ThisamazingancientRomanbuildinghadthelargestdomebuiltforc.1500 @"+     years.Originallybuiltasapagantemple,itbecameaChristianchurch.It "@,     hadaholeinitstoptoadmitlightandair,andwasbuiltbyHadrian. #- ___________25.Thiskeydatewaswhenthe1stChristianemperorproclaimedtheEdictofMilan, %P /     whichgaveofficialreligioustolerationtoChristianity.Itisarguablythe %!0     datethatthemedievalerabegan.Thechurchandstatebegantounifythen. `&!1 Section2:Extracreditquestions:Fillintheblanks(1pointeach),49possiblepoints. p(#4 Misspellingscancausealossofhalfpointsorfullpoints.Date(s)givenwithout A.D.or  )p$5  b.c.willlosehalfoftheircreditautomatically. ) %6 ___________26.ThisGreekgodruledtheseaandalsocausedearthquakes.Hewasthefather +0'9   oftheoneeyedcyclopsthatOdysseusblinded.HewasabigenemyofOdysseus. ,': ___________27.ThiswastheGreekgodofwine,theater,andecstaticpleasure(uncontrolled -@)<   emotions).Beliefinhimwasthebasisforanimportantpaganmysteryreligion.  ___________28.ThisancientGreekgodwasthekingofthegods.Hesymbolizedpowerandused    thunderbolts.Hehadmanyaffairs,whichmadehisgoddesswifeveryupset. p # X"X b+# bX X"___________29.ThispaganmysteryreligionofancientGreecedifferedfromthepublic/civic F   Olympianreligion.Itsdevoteeswouldsacrificeabullandeatitsrawflesh.   # X"X b;# bX X"___________30.# X"X b<# bX X"b bThisFrankishking(r.768814),latertheHolyRomanEmperor_(r_.800814)ruled , |    muchofwhatisnowmodernGermany,Italy,andFrance.Despitebeingsemi  ,    literatehimself,hehelpedsparkarevivalofclassicallearning.    # bb-=## X"X b=# bX X"___________31.ThisGreekphilosopher(ca.470399_b.c._)wasexecutedbythecityofAthens.  <    Helikedtoargueaboutthedefinitionsofwords.Hedefendedhimselfinadialog.   ___________32.ThisGreekplaywright(448380_b.c._)wrotecomedies.Hewrote_Lysistrata_,a L    satiricalantiwarplayaboutGreekwomengoingonasexstriketoendawar.# X"X b># bX X"   ___________33.ThisancientrulerofBabylon(ca.17921750_b.c._)devisedalawcodenamed  \  Ѐafterhim.Ithadmanylawsaboutcontractsandbusiness.Itwasoftenharsh.   # X"X bgA# bX X"___________34.ThisveryinfluentialGreekphilosopher_(c_.427347_b.c._)wrotedialogs l   toexplainhisphilosophy.Hewrotebrilliantly,andaskedtherightquestions.  ___________35.ThesewerethepeoplewhoinMesopotamiafoundedtheworld'sfirst_civiliza_Ԅ ,|   _tion_Ԁaround3000_b.c._ԀTheywere_polytheists_Ԁwhoworshipedmanygods. , ___________36.ThisareaoftheMiddleEastwaswheretheearliestcivilizationbegan.It < ЀincludesmodernIraq,Syria,andIsrael.# X"X bB# bX X" < ___________37.ThisancientGreekphilosopher(ca.535475_b.c._)believedthatrealitycould L   describedbynumbers,includingmusicalharmonies.Hefoundedareligiousgroup.# X"X b>F# bX X" L  ___________38.Thismaleoriented(nowomeninitiatesallowed!)paganreligionappealed \"   especiallytoRomansoldiers.ItwasChristianitysgreatestrivalinthe200'sA.D.  \# # X"X bG# bX X"b  򀀀bHb  ԀbI39.ThiswasthetitleforthekingsofancientEgyptfromtheNewKingdom l% 0  periodon.Itmeant"greathouse"originally.Theywereworshipedasgodkings.l&&& ___________40.ThisGreekpoet(livedintheninthcentury_b.c._)wrotethe_Illiad_andthe | (   Odyssey.ThesepoemsdescribedtheGreekwaragainstTroyanditsaftermath. ,!|) ___________41.Inthisdialog,Q#31'sphilosopherdefendedhimselfasthe"Gadfly"ofhis "+   city.Hiswisdomconsistedofadmittingwhathedidn'tknow.Helosthiscase.# X"X bH# bX X" <#, ___________42.ThisdualisticreligionofPersiaoriginallyhadnopriesthoodortemples $.   Emphasizingethicalbehavior,itaskedmankindtochoosetherightwayinthe L% / Ѐconflictbetweenthe(good)Creator,Ahura_Mahzda_ԀandtheEvilOne,_Ahirman_. %L!0 # X"X bRL# bX X"___________43.ThismanwaselectedandreelectedgeneralinchiefoftheleadingGreekcity \'"2   stateforsome30years.Heruledduringitsgoldenage,andwasanimperialist.  (\#3 ___________44.ThistermreferstothedispersionofJewsfromtheirhomelandinJudea l)$5   (orPalestine/Canaan).TheseJewsusuallyspokeGreek,andadoptedsomeparts *l%6   ofHellenisticculture.TheGreektranslationoftheOldTestamentwasforthem. *&7 ___________45.ChristiansconsiderthisbooktobeScripture,butnotJews.Itiscomposed ,,|'9   ofthefourcanonicalGospels,Acts(earlychurchhistory),theepistles(letters), ,,(:   andthebookofRevelation(anapocalypse).Jewsmostlywroteit. -(; # X"X bHN# bX X"___________46.ThiswasthegreatestofthedialogsbytheGreekphilosopherinQ#34.It `   includesthe"AllegoryoftheCave"anddiscussestheidealgovernment.# X"X b2R# bX X" ` ___________47.ThisGreekphilosopher(ca.535475_b.c._)wasaskepticwhosaidyoucan't  p   stepinthesamerivertwice.Hebelievedfirewastheessenceofallbeing.   ___________48.GivethebeginningandendingdatesforthePeloponnesianWar.Thiswarwas 0    wonbySpartaanditsalliesagainsttheempireranbythechiefGreekcitystate.# X"X bBS# bX X"  0  ___________49.Q#54'sGreekphilosopherdevisedthismeansofanalyzinganargument'sform(or @     structure)with2premisesandaconclusion."IfAisB,andBisC,thenAisC."# X"X b~U# bX X"  @  0  , ___________50.# X"X bV# bX X"b bThisbuildinghasastonethatisthefocusoftheMuslimpilgrimagetoMecca.P &&   Thefaithfulwillwalkarounditseventimes.Itmaybeameteoritethatwasseen P    tohitthe_earth.# bbVW## X"X b7W# bX X"_   ___________51.ThistermreferstothebasiccreedofJudaism,whichbegins"Hear,OIsrael: `    TheLordisourGod,theLordisOne!YoushalllovetheLordyourGodwithall     yourheart,withallyoursoul,andwithallyourmight"(Deuteronomy6:45). p  ___________52.ThistermrefersspecificallytothefirstfivebooksofMoses(Genesis,     Exodus,Leviticus,Numbers,andDeuteronomy).ThistermcomesfromtheGreek,and    meansthe"fivebooks."ThesefivebooksaretherealcoreofJudaismultimately. 0 # X"X bX# bX X"    ___________53.Thiswarlikekingdom(1076612_b.c._)inwhatisnowIraqhadNinevehonthe    Tigrisriverasitscapital.Sometimesitskinnedpeoplealivewhorevolted. @ ___________54.ThisGreekphilosopher(384322_b.c._)discoveredthelawsoflogicandhelped    helpedlaythefoundationsofmodernscience.Heemphasizedthe"goldenmean."# X"X b\# bX X" P ___________55.ThisGreekplaywright(525456_b.c._)wrotetheonlytrilogyoftragediesto     survive,the_Oresteia_,including_Agammemnon_,LibationBearers,and_Eumenides_. `! ___________56.ThesewerethetemplesmademostlyofsundriedbricksinwhatisnowIraq. T$ . #   The"TowerofBabel"describedinGenesiscouldhavebeenoneofthesebuildings. p$ ___________57.ThisreformerofAtheniangovernmentpublishedaharshlawcode.Hisname  & Ѐhasbecomeanadjective.Hehelpedaveragepeoplebytellingwhatthelawwas.# X"X b]^# bX X" ' ___________58.Thisancientepicpoemwasthefirststoryinworldliteraturetohavea  0) Ѐhero/protagonistwithaname.ItalsodescribedtheFlood(Deluge). !* ___________59.ThesewereaGreekphilosopherssolutiontotheproblemofuniversals.These "@, Ѐ  archetypesinaspiritualdimensionwerevariouswords/conceptsthatonlythemind #-   knewbythinkingandreasoning,notbythesenseofseeing,feeling,ortouching.# X"X bb# bX X" P$. ___________60.ThisistheJewishwordforwhatChristianscalltheOldTestament.Itsana %!0   _cronym_Ԁderivedfromitsthreetraditionaldivisions:thelaw,prophets,and `&!1   writings. '`"2 ___________61.Theseforeignconquerors("rulersofforeignlands")ofEgyptwere_Syro_Ԅ p(#4 ЀPalestinians.Theirrulemarkedthesecondintermediateperiod(17801555_b.c._).# X"X bd# bX X"  )p$5   62.ThiscarvedmonumentinEgypthasthebodyofalion,butthefaceofking *%7 ____________Khafre_Ԁ(livedabout2869_b.c._)Beingcarvedfromahill,itisn'tastatuereally. 0+&8 # X"X b9g# bX X"___________63.ThisGreekplaywright(496406_b.c._)wrotetragedies,suchasOedipusRex.In ,':   it,thekingdiscoversthathekilledhisfatherandmarriedhismother.# X"X bh# bX X" @-(;  -@)< ___________64.Thistermreferstothebeliefthatknowledgeisgainedmostlyorentirelyby    thesenses,likeseeingandhearing.Itoftenleadstoskepticism(uncertainty). ` ___________65.ThistermisusedtodescribeaGreekphilosopher'sconceptthatallbeings    haveapurposeorendtheyseektofulfillbasedontheiressence(whattheyare). p # X"X bi# bX X"___________66.Thisistheworld'slongestriver,andisthebasisofEgypt'sagricultural   Ѐ󀀀wealth.EmptyingintotheMediterraneanSea,thisriverfertilizedthesoilalso. 0  # X"X bDl# bX X"___________67.Thesewerethe"sacredcarvings"(writing)ofEgypt.Itwashardtowrite      quickly.Itwasbothalphabetical(symbolsrepresentedsounds)andpictographic. @   ___________68.Thisisthephilosophicalbeliefthatknowledgeisgainedmainlyorexclusively      bythinking,reasoning,andlogic.Q#34'sphilosopherbelievedinthis. P  ___________69.Thiswasthewedgedshapedwritingformedbyusingastylustoimpressclay     tablets.TheBabyloniansandothersuseditintheMiddleEastwhereIraqisnow. `  ___________70.ThismanwasonlyaminorancientEgyptianking.Heruledonlyfornine   Ѐyears.Butbecausehistombwasdiscoveredwithmostofitsoriginaltreasures, p  Ѐhe'sundoubtedlythemostfamousEgyptiankingtothegeneralpublic.(fullname).  p % X"X b|m%! bX X"!___________71.ThisEgyptianking(reigned13791362_b.c._)attackedEgypt'soldandstarteda    newreligionthat'sbeencalled(wrongly)monotheistic.Hebegananewartstyle. 0 # X"X bq# X"XX X" bX X"    72.ThisyoungkingofMacedon(356323_b.c._)ledtheGreekconquestofthePersian  ___________Empire.Hewasamilitarygenius,andhelpedspreadGreekcultureintheMideast. @ 4 b  # b4t#73.ThisancientGreekgoddessofwisdom,arts,andcraftswasverypowerful.  ___________ShewasbornfromtheforeheadofQ#28'sgod.ShesidedwithOdysseus. j 0  74.Knownfortheirskepticaltendencies,theseancientGreekteacherstaught   Ѐstudentssuchartsasrhetoricforafee.ThephilosopherinQ#34portrayedhisz!&& __________"teacher"asfrequentlyarguingwiththem,suchas_Protagoras_,inhisdialogs.1sephe b b X"X b   *z"  bX X"xx  .Z)< Ї___Section_Ԁ3:  75.Essayquestion.ChooseONEofthefollowingthreequestionstoanswer. ` Aproperanswerwillhavefullessayform,includinganintroduction,athesis  statement,twoormorebodyparagraphsthatexplain/defendthethesis,anda p conclusioninthelastparagraphthatrestatesthethesis.Putthenumberof  p thequestionyou'reansweringatthebeginningofwhatyouwrite.(50   possiblepoints)   1.WhatmakesJudaismdifferentfromtheotherancientreligionsofthe  0  world?HowwasChristianitydifferentfromJudaism,andhowwasitlike    Judaism?Listandexplainspecificdoctrines,teachings,orbeliefsto @   supportandexplainyourpoints.  @  OR P  # X"X bw#X"XX X"bXX"2.HowdidtheCelticGermanic,Christian,andGreekRoman(Classical)   culturescombinetogetherbytheHighMiddleAgestocreateasynthesisofthe `  threecombinedtogether?Givespecificexamplesofhowtwoormoreofthese `  cultures/beliefsystemscombinedtogetherinspecificpiecesofliterature,   philosophical/theologicalworks,orindividualthinkers,writers,andrulers. p  OR     H4f nv&~!.$&XH#  E.S  [ ck!s#XEX"XbX"XXX"  bXX"K4f nv&~!.$&SXK#~  3.WhatarethebasicteachingsofIslam,includingitsFivePillars?What 0 istherelationshipofIslamanditsleadingprophettopriorrevelationsfrom 0 God?HowisIslamlikeJudaismandChristianity,andhowisitdifferent?  Coverspecificindividuals,teachings,anddoctrinestomakeyourpoints @ clear.#~݌ @ Ќbbbb  $ XX$   #X"XbR|## X"XXX"3|# bX X"# X"X b#