ÿWPC— KY1AP›—络ç7üRÀÄvˆTâ©©.ùÞ.ååO MÂa7/êÀ²w ‰[Å PFÍ`$È~e¡ ÊÝ^@îÙbBðÀ¼ÛÀÅT}ǰÑVßìøsî Æ6s‚ÌhJáÌVUWaNp(¯Þv¦2c…C}Ô‹|7|˜hýî Ø}¤}rÎÇ]–ò¦|4Úî×þðý ‘h§°ˆ•SiÁ¦‹Öò üóRÕt/×zt䤭~‚©`®:M 9K/Äð${ qI{&*Þ×g¹ ºŸOØÏI‘à¸<øY ˜½âÿÙ\gþAÉÉ;¶óô3Ïd¥{ò×@Lœ]¸ðK>ÇðÈ*uƒ—A¤â0(±»z¸ÑäŽSm8·§¸[PØÅ=bG& í9Ó†'¢w˜œâ'Ò¿ÓAM—ªžBA‘<Ÿ^–$Ç­rÔ´»âãŒ=5okéû1ýwjô`¢äû}Ôc{C-e¯¯Ðõ ¢U":î %((.n­> 04ë#ÉNè^ êwö4ú m"'U!NI2þ6X9`("Courier 12cpiX#|d «2þ6X9`("Courier 12cpiXÂdþ6X@Ƀ8åX@( ¤T$¡¡Ó  Ó˜Lexmark X125 0ë¸å:é Ë}…8ˆ—ƒ …ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ñ Ð ÑÑ Ð Ñ(Ö 9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularÝ ƒ¤T!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑÀ°ÑÑÀ°ÑÒx°ÒÒ,xÒÒÀ°ÒÒ°ÀÒÔ‡X XXXÔÑ€[ÑName:à  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àDate:Ð À Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌFirst€test€€Ancient€Western€civilization:€€from€Origins€to€Greece€Ð ˜Ø ÐÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔInstructor:Ô_Ô€€Eric€SnowÐ „Ä ÐÌSection€A:€€Fill„in€the€blank€questions€(2€points€each,€50€points€possible).Ð \œ ÐÌÒx,aÒÒ,xÒà  àà ` à1.€€This€òòbookóó€was€the€greatest€of€the€dialogs€by€the€Greek€philosopher€in€Q#20.€€ItÐ 4 t Ѐ____________includes€the€"Allegory€of€the€Cave"€and€discusses€the€ideal€government.Ð  ` ÐÔ#†X²kXXX ‹#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à2.€€Three€of€these€enormous€ancient€Egyptian€tombs€for€their€kings€are€at€Ô_ÔGizaÔ_Ô.Ð ø 8  Ѐ____________These€engineering€marvels€are€the€only€one€of€the€Seven€Wonders€still€intact.Ð ä $  ÐÌà  àà ` à3.€€This€Greek€god€ruled€the€sea€and€also€caused€earthquakes.€€He€was€the€fatherÐ ¼ü  Ѐ____________of€the€one„eyed€cyclops€that€Odysseus€blinded.€€He€was€a€big€enemy€of€Odysseus.Ô#†X²kXXX Ö#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ ¨è  ÐÌà  àà ` à4.€€This€was€the€wedged„shaped€writing€formed€by€using€a€stylus€to€impress€clay€Ð €À Ð____________tablets.€€Ô_ÔMesopotamianÔ_Ô€civilizations€used€this€script€for€centuries.Ð l¬ ÐÔ#†X²kXXX þ#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à5.€€This€Greek€philosopher€(384„322€Ô_Ôb.c.Ô_Ô)€discovered€the€laws€of€logic€and€helped€Ð D„ Ð____________helped€lay€the€foundations€of€modern€science.€€He€emphasized€the€"golden€mean."Ô#†X²kXXX X#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ 0p ÐÌà  àà ` à6.€€This€pagan€mystery€religion€of€ancient€Greece€differed€from€the€public/civicÐ H Ѐ____________Olympian€religion.€€Its€devotees€would€sacrifice€a€bull€and€eat€its€raw€flesh.Ô#†X²kXXX •#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ ô4 ÐÌà0  àà0` ¬&¬&à7.€€This€dualistic€religion€of€Persia€originally€had€no€priesthood€or€temples€€ÐÌ ` ¬&` ¬& Ðà  à€€€€€€€€€€€Emphasizing€ethical€behavior,€it€asked€mankind€to€choose€the€right€way€in€theÐ ¸ø Ð____________conflict€between€the€(good)€Creator,€Ahura€Ô_ÔMahzdaÔ_Ô€and€the€Evil€One,€Ô_ÔAhirmanÔ_Ô.Ð ¤ä Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌà  àà ` à8.€€These€were€the€people€who€in€Mesopotamia€created€the€world's€first€Ð |¼ Ð____________civilization€around€3000€Ô_Ôb.c.Ô_Ô€€They€were€Ô_ÔpolytheistsÔ_Ô€who€worshiped€many€gods.Ð h¨ ÐÌà  à€à ` à9.€€This€ancient€Greek€god€was€the€king€of€the€gods.€€He€symbolized€power€andÐ @!€  Ѐ____________used€thunderbolts.€€He€had€many€affairs,€which€made€his€goddess€wife€very€upset.Ð ,"l! ÐÌà  àà ` à10.€€This€Greek€poet€(lived€in€the€ninth€century€Ô_Ôb.c.Ô_Ô)€wrote€the€òòÔ_ÔIlliadÔ_Ôóó€and€the€Ð $D # Ð____________òòOdysseyóó.€€These€poems€described€the€Greek€war€against€Troy€and€its€aftermath.Ð ð$0!$ ÐÌà  àà ` à11.€This€ancient€civilization€was€centered€on€a€large€island€in€the€AegeanÐ È&#& Ð____________Sea.€€A€huge€volcanic€eruption€badly€damaged€it.€€It€valued€peaceful€trade.Ô#†X²kXXX Å #ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ ´'ô#' ÐÌà  àà ` à12.€€This€Egyptian€king€(reigned€1379„1362€Ô_Ôb.c.Ô_Ô)€attacked€Egypt's€old€religion€€Ð Œ)Ì%) Ð____________and€started€a€new€one€that's€been€called€monotheistic.€He€began€a€new€art€style.Ð x*¸&* ÐÔ#†X²kXXX #ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à13.€€Give€the€beginning€and€ending€dates€for€the€Peloponnesian€War.€€This€war€was€Ð P,(, Ð____________won€by€Sparta€and€its€allies€against€the€empire€ran€by€the€city„state€in€Q#25.Ð <-|)- ÐÐ (.h*. ÐÔ_Ôà  àà ` à14.€€This€ancient€Greek€civilization€(ca.€1600„1110€b.c.)€upheld€masculine,€Ð À Ð____________warlike€values.€€It€formed€the€background€for€what€the€poet€in€Q#10€wrote€about.Ô#†X²kXXX #ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ ¬ì ÐÌà  àà ` à15.€€This€Greek€playwright€(448„380€b.c.)€wrote€comedies.€€He€wrote€òòLysistrataóó,€a€Ð „Ä Ð____________satirical€anti„war€play€about€Greek€women€going€on€a€sex€strike€to€end€a€war.Ð p° ÐÌà  àà ` à16.€This€area€of€the€Middle€East€was€where€the€first€civilization€began.€€It€includes€Ð H ˆ Ð____________modern€Iraq,€Syria,€and€Israel.€€Its€geographical€shape€suggests€its€name.Ô#†X²kXXX ª#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ 4 t ÐÌà  àà ` à17.€€At€this€land€battle€in€490€b.c.,€the€leading€Greek€city„state€inflicted€aÐ  L  Ðà  àà ` àstunning€upset€victory€against€Persia's€first€invasion€of€Greece.€€One€messenger€Ð ø 8  Ð____________ran€22+€miles€after€it€in€order€to€announce€the€victory.Ð ä $  ÐÌÔ#†X²kXXX Ï#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔà  àà ` à18.€This€was€the€title€for€the€kings€of€ancient€Egypt€from€the€New€Kingdom€€Ð ¼ü  Ð____________period€on.€€It€meant€"great€house"€originally.€€They€were€worshiped€as€god„kings.Ð ¨è  ÐÔ#†X²kXXX z#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à19.€€This€narrative€was€the€first€story€in€the€world's€literature€to€have€a€à Ð àà (# à€à €% àÐ €À Ðà  àà ` àhero/protagonist€with€both€a€name€and€a€personality.€€(Re)written€by€severalÐ l¬ Ѐ____________Mesopotamian€civilizations,€this€legend/myth€gives€an€account€of€the€Flood.Ô#†X²kXXX §#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ X˜ ÐÌà  àà ` à20.€€This€very€influential€Greek€philosopher€(c.€427„347€b.c.)€wrote€dialogsÐ 0p Ð____________to€explain€his€philosophy.€€He€wrote€brilliantly,€and€asked€the€right€questions.Ð \ ÐÌÔ#†X²kXXX Y#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔà  àà ` à21.€€This€term€means€"new€stone€age."€€It€refers€to€a€state€of€mankind's€Ð ô4 Ð____________which€featured€village€life,€agriculture,€and€the€use€of€basic€stone€tools.Ô#†X²kXXX œ#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ à  ÐÌà  àà ` à22.€€These€were€the€temples€made€mostly€of€sun„dried€bricks€in€what€is€now€Iraq.€Ð ¸ø Ѐ____________The€high€tower€built€thatððs€described€in€Genesis€could€have€been€one€of€these€buildings.Ð ¤ä ÐÌà  àà ` à23.€€This€warlike€kingdom€(1076„612€b.c.)€in€what€is€now€Iraq€had€Nineveh€on€the€Ð |¼ Ѐ____________Tigris€river€as€its€capital.€€Sometimes€it€skinned€people€alive€who€revolted.Ð h¨ ÐÔ#†X²kXXX «#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à24.€€This€Greek€philosopher€(ca.€470„399€b.c.)€was€executed€by€the€city€of€Q#25.Ð @!€  Ѐ____________He€liked€to€argue€about€the€definition€of€words.€€He€defended€himself€in€a€dialog.òòóóÐ ,"l! ÐÌà  àà ` à25.€€This€was€by€far€the€most€important€Greek€city€state€culturally€and€Ð $D # Ð____________politically.€€It€built€a€large€navy.€€Its€patron€and€namesake€goddess€is€in€Q#36.Ð ð$0!$ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌÒx,¶ÒÒ,axÒÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ (.h*. ÐÑ[Ñâ âÑÐÀÑÑÐÀÑâ âÑ  ÑSection€B:€€Short€answer€questions€(5€points€each,€10€points€possible€excluding€extra€credit).Ð Ð ÐNo€more€than€two€or€three€sentences€are€necessary€to€answer€them€fully.Ð ¼ì ÐÌ26.€€What€was€one€key€similarity€between€ancient€Egypt€and€the€ancient€civilizations€in€Mesopotamia?€Ð ”Ä ÐWhat€was€one€major€difference?€€Think€about€their€geography,€religion,€and€governmental€stability€beforeÐ €° Ðanswering.Ð lœ ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌ27.€€Suppose€somebody€asked€you:€"Why€should€business€majors€take€a€humanities/history€class?"€€WriteÐ à   Ðout€in€full€one€of€the€two€statements,€one€which€is€by€George€Santayana,€the€other€by€the€philosopher€foundÐ Ìü  Ðin€question€#24,€which€would€help€answer€this€kind€of€question.€€(If€both€statements€are€written€outÐ ¸è  Ðcorrectly,€2€1/2€points€of€extra€credit€will€be€given).Ð ¤Ô  ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌSection€C:€€Extra€credit€fill„in€questions€(1€point€each,€31€points€possible).Ð H ÐÌÌà  àà ` à28.€€This€reformer€of€Q#25's€city„state€published€a€harsh€law€code.€€His€nameÐ Ü  Ð____________has€become€an€adjective.€€He€helped€average€people€by€telling€what€the€law€was.Ð Èø ÐÌà  àà ` à29.€€This€Greek€playwright€(484„406€b.c.)€wrote€tragedies€about€average€andÐ  Ð Ð____________oppressed€people,€such€as€the€women€who€lost€their€husbands€in€òòThe€Trojan€Waróó.Ð Œ¼ ÐÌà  àà ` à30.€€This€was€the€Greek€god€of€wine,€theater,€and€ecstatic€pleasure€(uncontrolledÐ d” Ð____________emotions).€€Belief€in€him€was€the€basis€for€the€mystery€religion€of€Q#6.Ð P €  ÐÌÔ#†X²kXXX ì#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔà  àà ` à31.€€In€this€òòdialogóó,€Q#24's€philosopher€defended€himself€as€the€"Gadfly"€of€hisÐ ("X" Ð____________city.€€His€wisdom€consisted€of€admitting€what€he€didn't€know.€€He€lost€his€case.Ð #D # Ðà  àÔ#†X²kXXX Î(#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔà ` àà ¸ àÌà  àà ` à32.€€This€young€king€of€Macedon€(356„323€b.c.)€led€the€Greek€conquest€of€the€PersianÐ ì$"% Ð____________Empire.€€He€was€a€military€genius,€and€helped€spread€Greek€culture€in€the€Middle€East.Ð Ø%#& ÐÌà  àà ` à33.€€These€foreign€conquerors€("rulers€of€foreign€lands")€of€Egypt€were€Syro„Ð °'à$( Ð____________Palestinians.€€Their€rule€marked€the€second€intermediate€period€(1780„1555€b.c.).Ð œ(Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àÔ#†X²kXXX *#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à34.€€This€Greek€philosopher€(ca.€535„475€b.c.)€was€a€skeptic€who€said€you€can'tÐ t*¤'+ Ð____________step€in€the€same€river€twice.€€He€believed€fire€was€the€essence€of€all€being.Ð `+(, ÐÔ#†X²kXXX g,#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à35.€€This€Greek€playwright€(496„406€b.c.)€wrote€tragedies,€such€as€òòOedipus€Rexóó.€Ð 8-h*. Ð____________In€it,€the€king€discovers€that€he€killed€his€father€and€married€his€mother.Ð $.T+/ Ðà  àà ` àÐ /@,0 Ðà  àà ` à36.€€This€ancient€Greek€goddess€of€wisdom,€arts,€and€crafts€was€very€powerful.€Ð Ð Ð____________She€was€born€from€the€forehead€of€Q#9's€god.€€She€sided€with€Odysseus.Ð ¼ì ÐÌà  àà ` à37.€€This€Greek€general€(ca.€460„400€b.c.)€wrote€the€òòHistory€of€the€PeloponnesianóóÐ ”Ä Ð____________òòWaróó.€In€what€may€be€the€first€real€history€book,€he€tried€to€be€objective/neutral.Ð €° ÐÔ#†X²kXXX ”-#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔà  àÌà  àà ` à38.€€This€ancient€Greek€philosopher€(ca.€535„475€b.c.)€believed€that€reality€couldÐ Xˆ Ð____________described€by€numbers,€including€musical€harmonies.€€He€founded€a€religious€group.Ð D t ÐÌà  àà ` à39.€€At€this€land€battle€during€the€second€Persian€invasion€of€Greece€(480€b.c.),Ð  L  Ð____________the€Spartans€lost€after€defending€a€narrow€pass,€but€inflicted€heavy€causalities.Ð  8  ÐÌà0  àà0` ¬&¬&à40.€€This€òòreformeróó€of€the€leading€Greek€city„state€effectively€made€it€a€full€à (# àà €% àÐ à   Ðdemocracy.€€He€created€10€"demes,"€or€city€wards.€€He€created€the€Council€of€Five€ÐÌü ` ¬&` ¬& Ð____________Hundred,€which€had€its€members€chosen€by€lot€after€a€nomination€process.Ð ¸è  ÐÔ#†X²kXXX Ô0#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à41.€€Q#5's€philosopher€devised€òòthis€means€of€analyzing€an€argument's€formóó€(orÐ À Ð____________structure)€with€2€premises€and€a€conclusion.€"If€A€is€B,€and€B€is€C,€then€A€is€C."Ð |¬ ÐÔ#†X²kXXX 4#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌÔ#†X²kXXX ·5#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔà  àà ` à42.€€This€ancient€ruler€(ca.€1792„1750€b.c.)€of€a€Mesopotamian€empire€devised€a€law€codeÐ T„ Ð____________named€after€him.€€It€had€many€laws€about€contracts€and€business.€€It€was€often€harsh.Ð @p ÐÌÔ#†X²kXXX ú5#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔà  àà ` à43.€€This€is€the€world's€longest€river,€and€is€the€basis€of€Egypt's€agriculturalÐ H Ð____________wealth.€€Emptying€into€the€Mediterranean€Sea,€this€river€fertilized€the€soil€also.Ð 4 ÐÔ#†X²kXXX 87#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à44.€€This€man€was€only€a€minor€ancient€Egyptian€king.€€He€ruled€only€for€nineÐ Ü  Ðà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€years.€€But€because€his€tomb€was€discovered€with€most€of€its€original€treasures,Ð Èø Ð____________he's€undoubtedly€the€most€famous€Egyptian€king€to€the€general€public.€(full€name).Ð ´ä ÐÌà  àà ` à45.€€This€is€the€state€of€culture€in€which€writing€and€city€life€exist.€€It€only€beganÐ Œ¼ Ð____________about€3100/3000€b.c.€in€Egypt€and€Mesopotamia.€€Agriculture€made€it€possible.Ð x¨ ÐÔ#†X²kXXX j8#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à46.€€This€man€was€elected€and€reelected€general„in„chief€of€the€leading€GreekÐ P €  Ðà  àà ` àcity„state€for€some€30€years.€€He€ruled€during€its€golden€age,€and€gave€theÐ #ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ t*¤'+ ÐÌ€à0  àà0` ¬&¬&à50.€€These€were€the€"sacred€carvings"€(writing)€of€Egypt.€€It€was€hard€to€writeÐL,|)-` ¬&` ¬& Ð____________quickly.€€It€was€both€alphabetical€(symbols€represented€sounds)€and€pictographic.Ô#†X²kXXX ü?#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÐ 8-h*. ÐÌÐ /@,0 Ðà  àà ` à51.€€This€is€the€philosophical€belief€that€knowledge€is€gained€mainly€orÐ Ð Ð____________exclusively€by€thinking,€reasoning,€and€logic.€€Q#20's€philosopher€believed€this.Ð ¼ì ÐÌà  àà ` à52.€€This€Greek€word€described€a€state€of€overweening€pride€in€which€one€took€onÐ ”Ä Ð____________the€prerogatives€of€the€gods.€€One€having€this€feeling€was€inevitably€punished.Ð €° Ðà  àà ` àÌà  àà ` à53.€€At€this€naval€battle€(480€b.c.)€during€the€second€Persian€invasion€of€Greece,Ð Xˆ Ѐà  àà ` àthe€leading€Greek€city„state€and€its€allies€won€an€upset€victory€against€Xerxes'Ð D t Ð____________larger€fleet.€€Their€victory€helped€launch€ancient€Greece's€"golden€age."Ð 0 ` ÐÌà0  àà0` ¬&¬&à54.€€Known€for€their€skeptical€tendencies,€these€ancient€Greek€teachers€taught€students€suchÐ  8  Ðarts€as€rhetoric€for€a€fee.€€The€philosopher€in€Q#20€portrayed€hisÐô $ ` ¬&` ¬& Ð____________"teacher"€as€frequently€arguing€with€them,€such€as€Protagoras,€in€his€dialogs.Ð à   ÐÔ#†X²kXXX @A#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔà  àà ` àÌà0  àà0` ¬&¬&à55.€€These€òòreal€abstractionsóó€were€Q#5's€philosopher's€solution€to€the€problem€of€universals.€Ð ¸è  ÐThese€archetypes€in€a€spiritual€dimension€were€various€words/concepts€that€only€the€mind€Ð¤Ô ` ¬&` ¬& Ð____________knew€by€thinking€and€reasoning,€not€by€the€sense€of€seeing,€feeling,€or€touching.Ð À Ðà  àà ` àÌà  àà ` à56.€€This€Greek€playwright€(525„456€b.c.)€wrote€the€only€trilogy€of€tragedies€to€Ð h˜ Ð____________survive,€the€òòOresteiaóó,€including€òòAgammemnonóó,€òòLibation€Bearersóó,€and€òòEumenidesóó.Ð T„ ÐÔ#†X²kXXX dF#ÔÔ‡X XXX²kÔÌà  àà ` à57.€€This€Greek€poet€(lived€eighth€century€b.c.)€wrote€òòWorks€and€Daysóó,€which€described€Ð ,\ Ð____________life€as€a€series€of€thankless€tasks.€€His€òòTheogonyóó€discussed€different€versions€of€the€myths.Ð H Ðà  àÌà  àà ` à58.€€This€very€large€and€ancient€city€was€the€capital€of€the€empire€over€which€the€lawgiver€of€Ð ð  Ðà  àà ` àQ#42€ruled.€€It€was€the€capital€of€the€much€later€Neo„Chaldean€Empire€that€NebuchadnezzarÐ Ü  Ð____________ruled€over.€€The€Euphrates€River€flowed€through€it.€€Genesis€says€a€high€tower€was€built€in€it.Ð Èø ÐÌSection€D:€€Essay€question€(#59).€€Choose€òòoneóó€of€the€following€two€questions€to€answer.€€A€proper€answerÐ  Ð Ðwill€have€full€essay€form,€including€an€introduction,€a€thesis€statement,€two€or€more€body€paragraphs€thatÐ Œ¼ Ðexplain/defend€the€thesis,€and€a€conclusion€in€the€last€paragraph€that€restates€the€thesis.€€Put€the€letter€of€theÐ x¨ Ðquestion€you're€answering€at€the€beginning€of€what€you€write.Ð d” Ð(40€possible€points)Ð P €  ÐÌA.€€How€and€why€was€ancient€Greek€civilization€different€from€other€ancient€civilizations,€such€as€those€ofÐ ("X" ÐEgypt,€India,€or€Mesopotamia?€€Think€about€òòspecificóó€values,€practices,€and€philosophical€beliefs€of€theÐ #D # ÐGreeks€as€compared€to€other€civilizations€when€answering€the€"how"€part.€€Think€about€such€factors€asÐ $0!$ Ðgeography,€etc.€for€the€"why"€part.Ð ì$"% ÐÌorÐ Ä&ô#' ÐÌB.€€What€are€the€beliefs€and€values€of€Greek€civilization€that€still€affect€modern€Western€society€today?€Ð œ(Ì%) ÐName€òòspecificóó€discoveries,€beliefs,€political€practices,€values,€philosophical€concepts,€etc.€that€the€GreeksÐ ˆ)¸&* Ðhad€that€modern€Western€people€tend€to€have€as€a€result.Ð t*¤'+ ÐÌÌÌ€ÌÐ /@,0 ЇÒÀ°}ÒÔ#†X²kXXX ^I#ÔÒx,R!Ò